China, Japan, and Korea

by

Vanessa L. Fong

• LAST REVIEWED: 12 January 2022
• LAST MODIFIED: 23 March 2012
• DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199791231-0045

Introduction

Sociologists, anthropologists, and historians have focused on diversity, inequality, and historical transformations in childhood and education in East Asian societies, while psychologists have focused on how the cultures, policies, and practices of East Asian societies have resulted in educational outcomes and patterns of child development that differ from those of societies outside East Asia, especially the United States. Prior to the 1980s, scholarship about childhood and education in East Asian societies was sparse, as social science scholarship infrastructures in East Asian societies were weak owing to political and economic limitations that resulted from the chaos left by the wars and revolutions that ravaged East Asian societies during the first half of the 20th century. In addition, the social sciences were dominated by Anglophone scholars whose interest in East Asian societies focused mostly on non–child-related aspects of those societies’ cultures, social structures, histories, politics, and literatures, while Anglophone psychologists and education researchers concentrated primarily on childhood and education in their own societies, paying little attention to these issues in East Asia. Scholarly interest in childhood and education in East Asia flourished after the 1980s, though,as a result of the increasing cultural, political, and economic power of East Asian societies; their tendency to do as well as, or even better than, Anglophone societies in international academic competitions; the rising numbers of emigrants from East Asia who brought interest and expertise in their home societies to the Anglophone societies to which they migrated; and globalizing forces that made East Asian societies more interesting to Anglophone social scientists, including psychologists and education researchers who had previously paid little attention to international comparisons. The amount of scholarly attention each country has attracted has been proportionate to its population, emigration patterns, and cultural, political, and economic influence on the rest of the world; thus, mainland China has attracted the bulk of scholarly attention paid to East Asian societies, with Japan coming in second, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) coming in third, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) not represented at all because it has been inaccessible to social scientists outside its borders.

Journals

Articles about childhood in China and other East Asian societies can be found in journals that focus on child development (Child Development), psychology (Developmental Psychology, International Journal of Behavioural Development), psychological anthropology (Ethos), and education (Comparative Education Review), as well as journals that focus on China (China Journal, China Quarterly, Modern China) or other Asian countries. Journals that are among the most cited are included here.

• Child Development.

  Interdisciplinary, but dominated by psychological studies. Published by the Society for Research on Child Development. Most articles are about children in the United States, but some are about children in East Asian societies, especially in comparison with children in the United States.

• China Journal.

  Articles about many different aspects of China, including childhood, from many different disciplinary perspectives.

• China Quarterly.

  Articles about many different aspects of China, including childhood, from many different disciplinary perspectives.

• Comparative Education Review.

  Published by the Comparative and International Education Society; articles about children’s education in many different societies, including East Asian societies.

• Developmental Psychology.

  Articles about psychological development. Many articles are about children’s psychological development. Most of them are about children in the United States, but some of them are about East Asia.

• Ethos.

  Published by the Society for Psychological Anthropology; articles about childhood in many different societies, including East Asian societies.

• International Journal of Behavioural Development.

  Articles about psychological development in many different countries. Many articles are about children.

• Modern China.

  Articles about many different aspects of modern China, including childhood, from many different disciplinary perspectives.