Classics Corippus
by
Benjamin Goldlust
  • LAST MODIFIED: 25 April 2022
  • DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195389661-0375

Introduction

The poet who is generally called Corippus (though some scholars pretend that his real name was Gorippus) is the author, in the 6th century, of three pieces of work: the Iohannis, a historical Christian epic composed in honor of General John Troglita, charged by Emperor Justinian to put down the Berber insurrections in Byzacene (546–548), a Panegyric of Anastasius (of which what remains today is probably only the preface of a much larger piece), and an official poem of praise of Emperor Justin II (566–568), In laudem Iustini minoris. In addition, it has been proposed to identify the “Cresconius,” to which are attributed three epic poems appearing in the catalogue of the Lorsch library (mid-9th century) and a metrum appearing in that of Murbach (mid-9th century), with the epic poet Fl. Cresconius Corippus. Therefore, the poetic output could be augmented by these three biblically inspired poems. Corippus is a fundamental source on the African and proto-Byzantine history of the 6th century, as well as on the evolution of epic and panegyric literature at the end of Late Antiquity, still very anchored in the Virgilian tradition, but already preparing the transition to the Middle Ages, from an ideological, religious, and institutional point of view. His poetry is situated between epic and panegyric. If the Iohannis has a panegyric function, it nonetheless displays an epic ambition, while the praise of the emperor Justin II presents a strange mixture of genres. But Corippus also sought his place between West and East: very attached to his native Africa, which he never forgets, even while celebrating Romanism, he Christianizes this latter notion more deeply as he moves from Carthage to Constantinople. Finally, his poetry is situated at the point of articulation between Antiquity and the Middle Ages: the art of Corippus remains classic, but his inspiration is Christian, and the theme of the holy war announces the chanson de geste.

General Overviews

For a long time, judgments on Corippus’s work were particularly critical (as shown by Zarini 2015). Admittedly, the praise of Justin II offers a very representative illustration of epic panegyric and court poetry in the 6th century. But for a long time, the Iohannis has been stigmatized as a considerable impoverishment of the material of the traditional ancient epic. The interest in this work would have been limited, for the majority of the critics, to a purely ethnographic, historical, and ideological interest, the work offering an important testimony on views of the Moors, on their practices and religion (Charlet 1994). The rediscovery of Corippus’s work, thanks to good synthesis articles like Krestan and Winkler 1957 and Tandoi 1984, and the publication of new editions have made it possible to take a new look at the poet and to better understand the criteria according to which he should be read (Goldlust 2015).

  • Charlet, Jean-Louis. 1994. Corippe. In Encyclopédie berbère. Vol. 14. Edited by Gabriel Camps, 2104–2110. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters.

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    A very useful synthesis.

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  • Goldlust, Benjamin, ed. 2015. Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    Proceedings of the only conference so far dedicated to Corippus, with a systematic bibliography on Corippus and his works.

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  • Krestan, Ludmilla and Klaus Winkler. 1957. Corippus. In Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum. Vol. 3, Edited by Franz Joseph Dölger, 424–429. Stuttgart: Hiersemann.

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    A good synthesis.

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  • Tandoi, Vincenzo. 1984. Corippo. In Enciclopedia virgiliana. Vol. 1. Edited by Francesco della Corte, 890–892. Rome: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana.

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    Excellent summary, pointing out the influence of Virgil on Corippus.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 2015. La recherche sur Corippe: Bilan et perspectives. In Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Edited by Benjamin Goldlust, 15–30. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    Provides thorough research about Corippus and his works.

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Life

On the life of Corippus, even beyond the question of his name as it is commonly accepted (Flavius ​​Cresconius Corippus [or Gorippus]) (Riedlberger 2015), the certainties are less numerous than the questions. The references that the poet makes to his old age in certain passages of his works suggest that he was born at the end of the 5th or, more probably, the beginning of the 6th century. The incipit of book 1 and the explicit of book 2 of the praise of Justin II in the manuscript Matritensis BN 10029 (9th–11th century) gives information, moreover, about his origin and his profession: the poet is described as an Africanus gram<m>aticus, as shown by Cameron 1980. In the preface to the Iohannis, Corippus also says that he practiced his art in the countryside and testifies to the timidity inspired in him by an official speech in front of the Carthage proceedings to celebrate Justinian’s General John Troglita, who had successfully completed a campaign against the Moors in 548. A grammaticus was, in the 6th century, particularly suited to compose and pronounce an official praise, and this is clearly the role assigned to him by the Byzantine authorities in commanding the Iohannis. Corippus would perhaps have thus, initially, acquired only a local fame, which would have led him to leave his functions of grammaticus and to undertake an itinerant career of “wandering poet,” composing praises and reciting them in public, as Baldwin 1978 explains. According to his work, the second part of Corippus’s life was marked by misfortunes, such as the loss of his personal possessions. Finally, we do not know with precision the date of his death, which is usually placed shortly after the recitation of the praise of Justin II, but there is nothing we can be definitively certain of.

  • Baldwin, Barry. 1978. The career of Corippus. Classical Quaterly 28:372–376.

    DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800034893Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    This study doesn’t deny the Africanity of Corippus and proposes to see in him, as from the beginning of his career, a declamator rather than a grammaticus—that is to say, one of the “wandering poets” always in search of protectors.

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  • Cameron, Averil. 1980. The career of Corippus again. Classical Quarterly 30.2: 534–539.

    DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800042452Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    There is no serious reason not to consider Corippus as the grammaticus designated by the manuscript Matritensis B.N. 10029.

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  • Riedlberger, Peter. 2015. Again on the name “Gorippus”: State of the question—New evidence—rebuttal of counterarguments—the case of the Suda. In Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Edited by Benjamin Goldlust, 243–269. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    The commonly used form of the cognomen, Corippus, is found only once in a single manuscript, while the same manuscript has the form Gorippus three times. As for testimonies, again Gorippus is better attested, since there is not a single attestation of Corippus, but at least three individuals named Gorippus are known in the ancient world.

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Bibliography

There are very few bibliographies on Corippus, but Goldlust 2015 proposes a general bibliography, drawn up on the occasion of the only colloquium devoted to Corippus.

  • Goldlust, Benjamin. 2015. Bibliographie générale raisonnée. In Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Edited by Benjamin Goldlust, 371–394. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    The only existing bibliography on the poet and his works.

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Editions, Translations, and Commentaries of Corippus’s Work

The editio princeps of the Iohannis was published in 1820 only by Mazzucchelli, who discovered the Trivultianus 686 manuscrit, a unique extent manuscript of the Iohannis (Mazzucchelli 1820). Three good editions were published in the 19th century, which answered one another (Bekker 1836, Partsch 1879, Petschenig 1886). Nearly one century later, Diggle and Goodyear 1970, a global edition of the Iohannis, was published, but it is sometimes highly questionable (with, sometimes, unnecessary conjectures or bad choices).

  • Bekker, Immanuel. 1836. Merobaudes et Corippus. Bonn, Germany: Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae.

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    Second edition after Mazzucchelli, adding some very good corrections.

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  • Diggle, James, and Francis Richard David Goodyear. 1970. Flavii Cresconii Corippi Iohannidos seu de bellis Libycis libri VIII. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

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    A modern edition, useful but at times highly questionable, prepared by editors who also very much criticized Corippus.

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  • Mazzucchelli, Pietro. 1820. Flavii Cresconii Corippi Iohannidos seu de bellis Libycis libri VII editi ex codice Mediolanensi musei Triuultii. Milan.

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    Editio princeps of the Iohannis. For an editio princeps based on such a bad manuscript, it was a great job.

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  • Partsch, Josef. 1879. Corippi Africani grammatici libri qui supersunt. Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auctores Antiquissimi, III, 2. Berlin: Apud Weidmannos.

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    Excellent edition, with a special interest for geographical and ethnographical questions, as Partsch was first a geographer.

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  • Petschenig, Michael. 1886. Flavii Cresconii Corippi Africani grammatici quae supersunt. Berliner Studien für klassische Philologie und Archeologie, IV, 2. Berlin: Calvary.

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    Excellent edition prepared by a good specialist of late-Latin writers.

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Critical and Commented Editions of Some Parts of Corippus’s Works

In addition to the editions of all of Corippus’s works, a number of critical editions with translations, often of very high quality, have been published for the praise in honor of Justin II, including Romano 1970, Cameron 1976, Stache 1976, Antès 1981, or a book of the Iohannis: Vinchesi 1983 is an edition of the first book, Zarini 1997 the second, Tommasi 2001 the third, Riedlberger 2010 the eighth, and Goldlust 2016 the fourth.

  • Antès, Serge. 1981. Corippe: Éloge de l’empereur Justin II. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, Collections des Universités de France.

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    Excellent edition with a French translation and commentary.

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  • Cameron, Averil. 1976. In laudem Iustini Augusti Minoris, libri IV. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

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    Very good edition with an English translation.

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  • Goldlust, Benjamin. 2016. Corippe, Johannide, livre IV: Introduction, édition critique, traduction et commentaire. Paris: Institut d’études augustiniennes.

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    An edition, with a French translation, of Iohannis, Book 4.

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  • Riedlberger, Peter. 2010. Philologischer, historischer und liturgischer Kommentar zum 8. Buch der Johannis des Goripp nebst kritischer Edition und Übersetzung. Groningen, The Netherlands: Egbert Forsten.

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    An edition, with a German translation, of Iohannis, Book 8.

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  • Romano, Domenico. 1970. In laudem Iustini. Palermo, Italy: Palumbo.

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    An edition, with an Italian translation, of Corippus’s praise In laudem Iustini.

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  • Stache, Ulrich Justus. 1976. Flavius Cresconius Corippus, In laudem Iustini Augusti minoris. Berlin: Nikolaus Mielke.

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    An edition, with a German translation, of Corippus’s praise In laudem Iustini.

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  • Tommasi, Chiara. 2001. Flavii Cresconii Corippi Iohannidos liber III. Florence: Le Monnier.

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    An edition, with an Italian translation, of Iohannis, Book 3.

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  • Vinchesi, Maria Assunta. 1983. Flavii Cresconii Corippi liber primus: Introduzione, testo critico, traduzione e comment. Naples: M. D’Auria.

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    An edition, with an Italian translation, of Iohannis, Book 1.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 1997. Berbères ou barbares? Recherches sur le livre second de la Johannide de Corippe. Nancy, France: Association pour la Diffusion de la Recherche sur l'Antiquité.

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    An edition, with a French translation, of Iohannis, Book 2.

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Full translations

Full translations are not numerous at all, and at times they are unreliable. While Ramirez Tirado 1997 and Shea 1998 are very useful translations, Didderen 2007 is unfortunately very often wrong.

Philological Studies and Textual Criticism

As the Iohannis is attested today, in almost its entirety, by a single manuscript, the Trivultianus 686 (second half of 14th century), which is of very poor presentation and quality, a lot of critical notes have been published to propose corrections of the text. Some of the most important are listed below, but it is not possible to list them all. Some notes deal with the Trivultianus 686 itself, like Löwe 1879 and Caramico and Riedlberger 2009. Lo Conte 2012 focuses on the editio princeps. Diggle 1968, Vinchesi 1980, Ehlers 1984, Jakobi 1989, and Giangrande 1990 all propose emendations or other corrections. For further details, see Goldlust 2015, cited under Bibliography, along with the recensions of the critical editions, which are also listed in that volume.

  • Caramico, Giulia, and Peter Riedlberger. 2009. New evidence on the beginning of Iohannis, Book V. Materiali e discussioni per l’analisi dei testi classici 63:203–209.

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    A very important article arguing that the fourth book of the Iohannis ends in verse 596, and that the fifth book begins in what was before considered as verse 4,597.

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  • Diggle, James. 1968. Notes on the Iohannis of Corippus. Classical Quarterly 18:132–141.

    DOI: 10.1017/S0009838800029177Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    Some textual notes prepared by Diggle as part of the preparation of his edition.

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  • Ehlers, Widu-Wolfgang. 1984. Notae ad Corippi Iohannida pertinentes criticae. Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 127:58–67.

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    Some interesting notes.

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  • Giangrande, Giuseppe. 1990. Studi sul testo e sulla lingua di Corippo. Siculorum Gymnasium 43:139–170.

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    Some interesting notes, though the author tries to defend the text of manuscript T systematically, sometimes in spite of common sense.

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  • Jakobi, Rainer. 1989. Kritisches und Exegetisches zur Iohannis des Coripp. Hermes 117:95–119.

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    Useful textual notes.

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  • Lo Conte, Francesco. 2012. L’editio princeps della Iohannis di Corippo curata da Pietro Mazzucchelli: Un exemplum di filologia formale nella Milano del primo Ottocento. Aevum 86.1: 287–365.

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    A thorough study about the editio princeps prepared by Mazzucchelli.

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  • Löwe, Gustav. 1879. Über eine verlorene Handschrift der Johannis des Corippus. Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 34:138–140.

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    Book 4 may have ended after v. 644, but this hypothesis was taken for a certainty by successive editors.

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  • Vinchesi, Maria Assunta. 1980. Note testuali all’epos di Corippo. Studi Classici e Orientali 30:143–158.

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    Very good textual notes.

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Historical, Ideological, and Political Context

Modéran 1986, Zarini 2005, and Gärtner 2008 show that, because Corippus is interested in the relations between Byzantine power and Moorish people, his work is fundamental for historical questions about them. Opelt 1982–1983 and Castronuovo 1997 stress Corippus’s interest in ethnography. Cameron 1983, Zarini 1998, and Tommasi 2002 deal with what we can learn about the ideology and the practice of war in North Africa in the 6th century.

  • Cameron, Averil. 1983.Corippus’ Iohannis: Epic of Byzantine Africa. Papers of the Liverpool Latin Seminar 4:167–180.

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    A nice study based on the historical and the ideological context of the work.

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  • Castronuovo, Paola. 1997. La visione dei Mauri nella Iohannis di Corippo. In Mutatio rerum: Letteratura Filosofia Scienza tra tardo antico e altomedioevo. Edited by Maria Luisa Silvestre and Marisa Squillante, 401–419. Naples: La città del sole.

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    An essay making the implausible claim that Corippus would have pity for the Moors.

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  • Gärtner, Thomas. 2008. Untersuchungen zur Gestaltung und zum historischen Stoff der Johannis Coripps. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter.

    DOI: 10.1515/9783110210071Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    An excellent synthesis on the historical background and Corippus’s sources.

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  • Modéran, Yves. 1986. Corippe et l’occupation byzantine de l’Afrique: Pour une nouvelle lecture de la Johannide. Antiquités Africaines 22:195–212.

    DOI: 10.3406/antaf.1986.1131Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    A very important study written by one of the best specialists of Byzantine Africa.

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  • Opelt, Ilona. 1982–1983. Barbarendiskriminierung in den Gedichten des Cresconius Flauius Corippus. Romanobarbarica 7:161–179.

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    A study about the status of the Barbarians and their stigmatization.

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  • Tommasi, Chiara. 2002. Realtà della storia e retorica dell’impero nella Iohannis di Corippo. Athenaeum 90:161–185.

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    A study trying to assess the relationship between historical reality and rhetoric in Corippus’s epos.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 1998. Images de guerre dans la poésie officielle de l’Antiquité tardive: L’exemple de la Johannide de Corippe. In Images romaines. Edited by Clara Auvray-Assayas, 161–173. Paris: Éditions Rue d’Ulm.

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    On war and its status in the Iohannis.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 2005. Mauri, Romani, Afri: Le regard de Corippe sur l’Afrique byzantine et l’identité de ses populations. In Identités et cultures dans l’Algérie antique. Edited by Claude Briand-Ponsart, 407–422. Mont-Saint-Aignan, France: Presses Universitaires de Rouen.

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    A very clear study on Corippus’s judgment, expressed through his epic, on Byzantine Africa and its populations.

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Religious Context

Andres 1994 and Andres 1997 show that the interest of Corippus for religion is huge and very important, both for the questions relating to the Byzantines’ Christianity, as explained by Hofmann 1989, Bureau 2015, Consolino 2015, and Tommasi 2002, and for all that relates to the paganism of the Moors, as shown in Zarini 2006. Zarini 2010 demonstrates that this frontal opposition can lead Corippus to oppose the Christianity of the Byzantines and the paganism of the Moors as one opposes the forces of good to those of evil.

  • Andres, Jean Urban. 1994. Numen in der lohannis des Coripp. Vigiliae Christianae 48:65–77.

    DOI: 10.2307/1584376Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    A thorough study on the word numen and its implications in the work.

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  • Andres, Jean Urban. 1997. Das Göttliche in der Iohannis des Corippus: Antike Götterwelt und christliche Gottesvorstellung im Widerstreit. PhD diss., Trier Univ.

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    An excellent synthesis on religious questions.

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  • Bureau, Bruno. 2015. La prière dans la Johannide. In Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Edited by Benjamin Goldlust, 221–241. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    A thorough study of praying practices in the Iohannis.

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  • Consolino, Franca Ela. 2015. Pietas et ses contextes dans la Johannide de Corippe. In Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Edited by Benjamin Goldlust, 189–220. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    A fine study on the word pietas and its implications in the Iohannis.

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  • Hofmann, Heinz. 1989. Corippus as a patristic author? Vigiliae Christianae 43:361–377.

    DOI: 10.1163/157007289X00263Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    On Christian sources and, generally, Corippus’ relations with patristic literature.

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  • Tommasi, Chiara. 2002. Persistenze pagane nell’Africa del VI secolo: La Iohannis corippea e la questione dei dii Mauri. In Africa Cristiana: Storia, religione, letteratura. Edited by Marcello Marin and Claudio Moreschini, 269–301. Brescia, Italy: Morcelliana.

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    On pagan practices of the Moors in the Iohannis.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 2006. Épopée et religion au VIe siècle: Le paganisme chez Corippe. Connaissance des Pères de l’Église 102:52–61.

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    A global study on paganism in Corippus’s epic.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 2010. Les forces du bien et du mal dans la poésie de Corippe. In Les forces du bien et du mal dans les premiers siècles de l’église. Edited by Yves-Marie Blanchard, Bernard Pouderon, and Madeleine Scopello, 91–103. Paris: Beauchesne.

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    A useful essay on forces of good and evil in Corippus’s epic, as the opposition between the Christianity of the Byzantines and the paganism of the Moors.

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Corippus and the Imitation of Other Poets

Corippus does imitate his predecessors. Tommasi 2001 attempts a global approach of that question, while some others look into accounts of Corippus’s relations with the different poets who most influenced him: Blänsdorf 1975 and Lausberg 1989 are about Virgil’s influence, and Delattre 2011 is about Silius Italicus’s influence.

  • Blänsdorf, Jürgen. 1975. Aeneadas rursus cupiunt resonare Camenae: Vergils epische Form in der Johannis des Corippus. In Monumentum Chiloniense: Studien zur augusteischen Zeit; Kieler Festschrift für Erich Burck zum 70 Geburtstag. Edited by Eckhard Lefèvre, 524–545. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.

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    On the influence of Virgil.

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  • Delattre, Aurélie. 2011. Les Punica de Silius Italicus et la Johannide de Corippe: Quelques éléments de rapprochement entre deux épopées africaines. Museum Helveticum 68:68–85.

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    On some elements of reconciliation between two African epics.

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  • Lausberg, Marion. 1989. Parcere subiectis: Zur Vergilnachfolge in der Iohannis des Coripp. Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 32:105–126.

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    Another important study on Virgil’s influence.

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  • Tommasi, Chiara. 2001. La Iohannis corippea: Ricupero e riscrittura dei modelli classici e cristiani. Prometheus 27:250–276.

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    A synthesis on the influence of classical poets on Corippus.

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Literary Technique

While Corippus’s works had been considered for a long time only as historical or ethnographical sources, Ehlers 1980, Zarini 1986, and Zarini 2003 aim at pointing out their literary interest, mainly focusing on the epic heritage. Antès 1979, Galand-Hallyn 1993, and Schindler 2009 stress the rhetorical and encomiastic background. Hajdu 2001 and Goldlust 2012 deal with the narrative and enunciative dimensions.

  • Antès, Serge. 1979. Rhétorique et poésie dans le poème In laudem Iustini de Flavius Cresconius Corippus. La rhétorique à Rome. Edited by R. Chevallier, 187–196. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.

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    An excellent study of Corippus’s technique in the praise In laudem Iustini.

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  • Ehlers, Wolfgang-Widu. 1980. Epische Kunst in Coripps Johannis. Philologus 124:109–135.

    DOI: 10.1524/phil.1980.124.12.109Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    A useful study on the epic technique.

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  • Galand-Hallyn, Perrine. 1993. La Johannide (De bellis Libycis): Corippe et le sublime dans la “dernière” épopée romaine. In À la croisée des études libyco-berbères: Mélanges offerts à Paulette Galand-Pernet et Lionel Galand. Edited by Jeannine Drouin and Arlette Roth, 73–87. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.

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    On the rhetoric of the sublime in Corippus’s epic.

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  • Goldlust, Benjamin. 2012. Quand le récit épique devient discours politique et manifeste poétique: Les interventions auctoriales dans la Johannide de Corippe. In Vox poetae: Manifestations auctoriales dans l’épopée gréco-latine. Edited by Emmanuelle Raymond, 315–333. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    On the presence of the author in the epic and his political and auctorial status.

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  • Hajdu, Péter. 2001. Corippus’ attempt at writing a continuous narrative again. Latomus 60.1: 167–175.

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    In order to write a continuous narrative, Corippus tries to regain the scene-summary-scene-summary rhythm.

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  • Schindler, Claudia. 2009. Per carmina laudes: Untersuchungen zur spätantiken Verspanegyrik von Claudian bis Coripp. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.

    DOI: 10.1515/9783110210583Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    A study dedicated to praise poetry in Late Antiquity.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 1986. La Préface de la Johannide de Corippe: Certitudes et hypothèses. Revue des Études Augustiniennes 32:74–91.

    DOI: 10.1484/J.REA.5.104529Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    On the preface of the epic.

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  • Zarini, Vincent. 2003. Rhétorique, poétique, spiritualité: La technique épique de Corippe dans la Johannide. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols.

    DOI: 10.1484/M.RRR-EB.5.107013Save Citation »Export Citation » Share Citation »

    The most important study of Corippus’ literary technique.

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Language, Style, and Metrics

Andres 1993 is a very good concordance. Appel 1904, Welzel 1908, Darquennes 1942, and Hoflender-Lentes 1994 are the only existing studies about Corippus’s language and style, but they are very useful. Otherwise, Charlet 2015 is a thorough study of Corippus’s hexameters.

  • Andres, Jean Urban. 1993. Concordantia in Flavii Corippi Ioannida. Hildesheim, Germany: Olms-Weidmann.

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    An excellent concordance.

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  • Appel, Ernst. 1904. Exegetisch-kritische Beiträge zu Corippus mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des vulgären Elementes seiner Sprache. Munich: Straub.

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    A very hard to find but very useful study.

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  • Charlet, Jean-Louis. 2015. L’hexamètre de Corippe dans la Johannide et le Panégyrique de Justin II. In Corippe, un poète latin entre deux mondes. Edited by Benjamin Goldlust, 337–346. Lyon, France: CEROR.

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    An excellent study focusing on Corippus’ purism, his rejection of the spondaic hexameter, his reluctance to use the elision, and his conception of the hexameter, quite close to that of Lucan and Claudian.

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  • Darquennes, M. 1942. Flavius Cresconius Corippus: Stylistische studie. PhD diss., Katholieke Univ. Louvain.

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    A thorough stylistic study.

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  • Hoflender-Lentes, Susanne. 1994. Studien zu den Gleichnissen in der Iohannis des Flauius Cresconius Corippus. PhD diss., Trier Univ.

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    A study on the comparisons; hard to find but very useful.

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  • Welzel, Alfred. 1908. De Claudiani et Corippi sermone epico. PhD diss., Breslau.

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    An old, though still useful, study.

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