Public Health
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Editor in Chief | Area Editors | Articles and Contributors
Public health is a broad field of endeavor dedicated to addressing the health of populations. As a field of study it draws on many academic disciplines such as political science, sociology, history, and economics, as well as the established public health areas such as epidemiology, biostatistics and the infectious and chronic diseases. Over the years the field has become very diverse and has ventured beyond a biomedical view of health and illness. Because of the broad, extensive nature of public health, a vast amount of scholarship and research already exists. Scholars and professionals must constantly consider new discoveries, new interpretations, and new theoretical ideas in the field. The overlapping fields of practice involved in the study of public health make it challenging to stay informed about every applicable area.
Oxford Bibliographies in Public Health is designed to provide authoritative guidance to scholars, students and practitioners who are faced with the challenge of navigating the vast relevant information across disciplines and at all levels of scholarly research. It covers the key areas of public health, including public policy, non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases, social determinants of disease, and key issues of poverty, equity, and social justice. Besides the multiple disciplines that public health must draw upon for theoretical understanding, measurement methods, and empirical evidence, it must encompass the many newly arising concerns in public health such as the social determinants of health, opportunistic infection threats, global issues on equity, health in all policies, and governance to name just a few. The challenges to public health are reflected in the threats to whole populations and communities stemming from demographic, cultural, social and political differences and responses based on policy, administrative, economic and logistical realities. Up to date information is vital for appropriate responses from the field of public health. Oxford Bibliographies articles are reviewed annually to update and revise the content as the field continues to grow and change.
Editor in Chief
David V. McQueen, based in Atlanta, GA, is retired from 20 years at the CDC in Atlanta where he served government as Chief of the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS), Director of the Division of Adult and Community Health (DACH) and as Associate Director for Global Health Promotion. He has held Professorships and served on the faculties of the University of Edinburgh, where he directed the Research Unit in Health and Behavioral Change, 1983-1992, and The Johns Hopkins University, SHPH, 1972-1983. He also brings rich NGO experience as a globally elected Board Member of the Paris-based International Union of Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) where he spent eight years as the Vice President for Science, four years as President, and is now the Immediate past President. He has been a member or chair on numerous consultancies and committees with the World Bank, World Health Organization, the Canadian Government, as well as other public and private agencies. He brings editorial experience as a member, present and past, of several editorial boards. He is widely published in academic journals and the author/editor of several books. He is currently an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education at Emory University in Atlanta.
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FOUNDING EDITOR IN CHIEF
University of California at San Francisco
AREA EDITORS
Universität Bern
University of New South Wales
Retired from Centers for Disease Control and Pan American Health Organization
Drexel University
Oregon State University
La Trobe University
Dalhousie University
Western University
Koç University
San Diego State University
FORMER STANDING EDITORIAL BOARD
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
University of British Columbia
East Carolina University
Université de Montréal
FOUNDING EDITORIAL BOARD
University of California, Los Angeles
National Association of Local Boards of Health
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Drexel University
Emory University
NYU School of Medicine
National School of Public Health,
New University of Lisbon
Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
Harvard University
University of Newcastle
University of Kentucky
Centers for Disease Control
ARTICLES AND CONTRIBUTORS
* = recently published
Child, Maternal, Reproductive and Family Health
Andrzej Kulczycki
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Jessica M. Sales
Emory University
Charles E. Irwin Jr.
University of California, San Francisco
Janvier Gasana
Florida International University
Hector G. Balcazar
The University of Texas at El Paso
Holly J. Mata
The University of Texas at El Paso
Derek Shendell
Rutgers
Juhi Aggarwal
Joanne Martin
Indiana University
Jessica Morse
Duke University
Philip D. Darney
University of California, San Francisco
Ariadna Capasso
New York University
Natalie Tikhonovsky
Khadijah M. Davis
Ralph J. DiClemente
New York University
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Aga Khan University
Amira Khan
The Hospital for Sick Children
Omar Irfan
The Hospital for Sick Children
Marizen Ramirez
The University of Iowa
Elizabeth O'Neal
The University of Iowa
Elizabeth Waters
The University of Melbourne
Andrea M. de Silva-Sanigorski
The University of Melbourne
Tahna Pettman
The University of Melbourne
Miranda Bruckner
La Trobe University
Lisa Gibbs
The University of Melbourne
Caroline J. Gatrell
Lancaster University
Maria Isabel Loureiro
Portuguese National School of Public Health
Ana Rita Goes
Universidade de Lisboa
Ruth Etzel
George Washington University
M. Anne George
Child and Family Research Institute
Mary H. George
The University of British Columbia
Albert Lee
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Jessica M. Sales
Emory University
Ralph J. DiClemente
New York University
Bente Wold
University of Bergen
Oddrun Samdal
University of Bergen
Ian H. Spicknall
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jeremy A. Grey
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Rilene A. Chew Ng
University of California, Berkeley
Sevgi O. Aral
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Vicki Flenady
Mater Research
Philippa Middleton
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
Adrienne Gordon
University of Sydney
Caroline Homer
Burnet Institute
Joshua Vogel
Burnet Institute
Alyce Wilson
Burnet Institute
Frances M. Boyle
University of Queensland
Siobhan Loughnan
University of Queensland
Christine Andrews
University of Queensland
Chrissie Astell
University of Queensland
Laura Singline
University of Queensland
Aleena Wojcieszek
University of Queensland
Jessica Sexton
University of Queensland
David Ellwood
University of Queensland
Communicable and/or Infectious Diseases
David Patrick
The University of British Columbia
Rachel McKay
The University of British Columbia
Patricia Keen
New York Institute of Technology
Benjamin Maasoumy
Hannover Medical School
Markus Cornberg
Hannover Medical School
Marina Ulanova
Lakehead University
Varun K. Phadke
Emory University
Nora Engel
Maastricht University
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Aga Khan University
Muhammad Atif Habib
Aga Khan University
Sajid Bashir Soofi
Aga Khan University
Patrick Gurian
Drexel University
Awal D. Khan
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Hazel D. Dean
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Eve Dubé
Institut national de santé publique du Québec
Noni MacDonald
Dalhousie University
Environmental and Occupational Health
Thomas A. Arcury
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Taylor J. Arnold
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Maya Leventer-Roberts
Mount Sinai Hospital
Carla Campbell
Drexel University
C. Arden Pope III
Brigham Young University
Ian Colbeck
University of Essex
Morton Lippmann
New York University
Ying Jiang
University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
Ken Takahashi
University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
Mehrnoosh Movahed
University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
Sotiris Vardoulakis
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Cindy Parker
Johns Hopkins University
Morton Lippmann
New York University
Heather Kitzman-Ulrich
University of North Texas
Jane Momoh
University of North Texas
Ashley Martin
University of North Texas
Mark DeHaven
University of North Texas
Regine Halseth
University of Northern British Columbia
Roberta Stout
University of Northern British Columbia
Donna Atkinson
University of Northern British Columbia
Karen K. Lee
University of Alberta
Tony Kuo
University of California at Los Angeles
Monica L. Wendel
Texas A&M University
Whitney R. Garney
Texas A & M University
Kenneth R. McLeroy
Texas A&M University
Robert Percival
University of Maryland
Mark Robson
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Mark Robson
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Carol Dawne Milligan
Wake Forest University
Jane Dixon
Australian National University
Hernando Perez
Drexel University
Vikki Vandiver
The University of Alabama
Nikki Hozack
University of California, Los Angeles
Andrew E. Watterson
University of Stirling
Melvyn Kopstein
David N. Weissman
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Arthur L. Frank
Drexel University
David F. Goldsmith
George Washington University
Mark Robson
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Metin Akgun
Atatürk University School of Medicine
Rachel J. L. Prowse
University of Alberta
Kim D. Raine
University of Alberta
Steven M. Becker
Old Dominion University
Kenneth Rosenman
Michigan State University
Carles Muntaner
University of Toronto
Deb Finn Mahabir
University of Toronto
Virginia Gunn
University of Toronto
Lawrence Frank
The University of British Columbia
Josh van Loon
The University of British Columbia
Sarah Kavage
Urban Planner
Nicholas Freudenberg
Hunter College, City University of New York
Brad Black
Center for Asbestos Related Disease
Mark Robson
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Patricia L. Meinhardt
Drexel University
Mark Wilson
Brooklyn College, City University of New York
Heather Padilla
University of Georgia
Jean Moore
University at Albany, State University of New York
Kenneth Rosenman
Michigan State University
Nell H. Gottlieb
The University of Texas at Austin
Global Health
Mohammed K. Ali
Emory University
Swathi Sekar
American India Foundation
Karen R. Siegel
Emory University
KMV Narayan
Emory University
Donald Chi
University of Washington
Sarah Curtis
Durham University
Karen R. Siegel
Emory University
KMV Narayan
Emory University
Ilona Kickbusch
The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Thorsten Behrendt
The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Erica Di Ruggiero
University of Toronto
Jenny Gong
University of Toronto
Ece Karaman
Ophelia Michaelides
University of Toronto
Frederique Watulo
University of Toronto
Angela Scriven
Brunel University
Sara E. Davies
Griffith University
Jessica Kirk
Griffith University
Ligia de Salazar
Universidad del Valle
Richard Garfield
Emory University
Mary E. Northridge
New York University
Sarah Hawkes
Institute for Global Health
Kent Buse
UNAIDS
Anne Mills
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Toba Bryant
University of Ontario
Dennis Raphael
York Université
Kelley Lee
Simon Fraser University
Jennifer Fang
Simon Fraser University
Health Education and Promotion
Regina A. Galer-Unti
UCLA Extension
Marlene Tappe
Minnesota State University
Susie Sykes
London South Bank University
Thomas Abel
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)
Thomas Abel
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)
Gerry Veenstra
University of British Columbia
Kathryn M. Kolasa
East Carolina University
Katherine Rickett
East Carolina University
Erica Di Ruggiero
University of Toronto
Danielle MacPherson
Uttam Bajwa
University of Toronto
John P. Comings
University of Massachusetts Amherst
W. Douglas Evans
The George Washington University
Elaine Auld
Society for Public Health Education
Stephen F. Gambescia
Drexel University
Rima Rudd
Harvard University
Lindsay Schubiner
Center for New Community
Christina Dietscher
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Health Promotion Research, Health Promoting Hospitals
Jürgen Pelikan
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Health Promotion Research
Hermann Schmied
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Health Promotion Research, Health Promoting Hospitals
Lawrence W. Green
University of California, San Francisco
May Myat Cho
Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA)
Barbara Battel-Kirk
Consultant
Colette Dempsey
National University of Ireland, Galway
Margaret M. Barry
National University of Ireland, Galway
Andrew Wilson
University of Sydney
Pippy Barnett
The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre
Samantha Rowbotham
The University of Sydney
Sonia Wutzke
The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre
Rik Crutzen
Maastricht University
Stan Vluggen
Maastricht University
Erica Di Ruggiero
University of Toronto
Sarah Viehbeck
University of Waterloo
Devon Greyson
The University of British Columbia
Lori Dorfman
Berkeley Media Studies Group, Public Health Institute and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
Michael Bakal
University of California Berkeley
Priscilla Gonzalez
Berkeley Media Studies Group (BMSG), Public Health Institute
Laura Boltz
University of Alabama
Vikki Vandiver
The University of Alabama
Nikki Hozack
University of California, Los Angeles
Regina A. Galer-Unti
UCLA Extension
Regina A. Galer-Unti
UCLA Extension
R. Craig Lefebvre
University of South Florida
Claudia M. Squire
RTI International
Nick Roberts
The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre
Jo-An Atkinson
Sax Institute
Geoff McDonnell
The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre
Nathaniel Osgood
University of Saskatchewan
Sonia Wutzke
The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre
Health Service and Administration
Ronald Andersen
University of California, Los Angeles
Noreen M. Clark
University of Michigan
Stefano Campostrini
Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
Maria Isabel Loureiro
Portuguese National School of Public Health
Frances Dunn Butterfoss
Coalitions Work
Michelle C. Kegler
Emory University
Gary D. Gilmore
University of Wisconsin—La Crosse
Gilbert Ramirez
Florida International University
Julia Field Costich
University of Kentucky College of Public Health
Martha Riddell
University of Kentucky
Leandris Liburd
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jason Corburn
University of California, Berkeley
F. Douglas Scutchfield
University of Kentucky
Alex F. Howard
University of Kentucky
Robert M. Shapiro II
University of Kentucky
Graham Colditz
Washington University in St. Louis
Carolyn R. T. Stoll
Washington University in St. Louis
Graham Colditz
Washington University in St. Louis
Katie Attwell
University of Western Australia
Liam Donaldson
Imperial College London
James F. McKenzie
Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Teresa T. Kern
Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Chris Lovato
The University of British Columbia
Patrick L'Heureux Remington
University of Wisconsin
Tracy Flood
University of Wisconsin
Margaret A. Potter
University of Pittsburgh
William M. London
Center for Inquiry's Quackwatch
Linnea Evans
Northern Arizona University
Valéry Ridde
University of Montreal
Émilie Robert
University of Montreal
Laura Hawken
World Health Organization
Peter A. Briss
Emory University
David Hunter
Newcastle University
Noncommunicable and/or Chronic Diseases
Mark Griffiths
Nottingham Trent University
Steve Sussman
University of Southern California
Nadra Lisha
University of California, San Francisco
Gillian Smith
Nottingham Trent University
Adam Leventhal
University of Southern California
Daikwon Han
Texas A&M Health Science Center
Dennis M. Gorman
Texas A&M Health Science Center
Susan J. Curry
The University of Iowa
Robin J. Mermelstein
University of Illinois at Chicago
Rachel McCloud Faulkenberry
Harvard School of Public Health
John B. Lowe
University of the Sunshine Coast
Juliet McMullin
University of California, Riverside
Darwin R. Labarthe
Northwestern University
Sandra Vamos
University of Victoria
Paul Yeung
Simon Fraser University
Jim Frankish
The University of British Columbia
Shiriki K. Kumanyika
University of Pennsylvania
Jeffrey Hallam
Kent State University
Alfred Rütten
Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport
Karim Abu-Omar
Institute of Sport Science and Sport
Peter Gelius
Institute of Sport Science and Sport
Lynda Anderson
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Diane T. Finegood
Simon Fraser University
Lee M. Johnston
Simon Fraser University
Suzanne Vander Wekken
Simon Fraser University
Noe Crespo
Arizona State University
Melawhy Garcia
San Diego State University
Alma Behar
UC San Diego
Christina Holub
San Diego State University
John P. Elder
San Diego State University
Karen Glanz
University of Pennsylvania
Michael Eriksen
Georgia State University
Carrie Whitney
Georgia State University
Public Health Policy and Governance
Affette Michelle McCaw-Binns
The University of the West Indies
Jasneth Asher Mullings
The University of the West Indies
Ned E. Baker
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Marie Fallon
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Nicholas Freudenberg
Hunter College, City University of New York
Ned E. Baker
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Marie Fallon
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Norma Kanarek
Johns Hopkins University
Jonathan Todres
Georgia State University
Louise St-Pierre
Institut national de santé publique du Québec
Tapani Melkas
Finland
Marita Sihto
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
F. Douglas Scutchfield
University of Kentucky
Alex F. Howard
University of Kentucky
Robert M. Shapiro II
University of Kentucky
Patrick Harris
University of Sydney
Marilyn Wise
University of New South Wales
Ellen Whitney
Katherine Seib
Jessica Blackburn
Jacob Clemente
Courtenay M. Dusenbury
Emory University
Jeffrey P. Koplan
Emory University
Evelyne de Leeuw
Deakin University
Ross D. Silverman
Indiana University
Ned E. Baker
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Marie Fallon
National Association of Local Boards of Health
Courtenay M. Dusenbury
Emory University
Jeffrey P. Koplan
Emory University
Jeanne Stellman
Columbia University
Evelyne de Leeuw
Deakin University
Lawrence W. Green
University of California, San Francisco
Erica Di Ruggiero
University of Toronto
Sarah Viehbeck
University of Waterloo
Modi Mwatsama
UK Health Forum
Alannah Brown
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Hannah Graff
UK Health Forum
Jane Landon
UK Health Forum
Sridhar Venkatapuram
King's College London
Ross C. Brownson
Washington University in St. Louis
Lauren Cardick
The Lewin Group
Special Populations
William Satariano
University of California, Berkeley
Marlon Maus
University of California, Berkeley
Holly A. Holtzen
Ohio Housing Finance Agency
Hector G. Balcazar
The University of Texas at El Paso
Holly J. Mata
The University of Texas at El Paso
Kue Young
University of Toronto
Kevin Pottie
University of Ottawa
Kamila Premji
University of Ottawa
Thomas A. Arcury
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Taylor J. Arnold
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Margo L. Greenwood
University of Northern British Columbia
Regine Halseth
University of Northern British Columbia
Nicole Lindsay
University of Northern British Columbia
Hilary McGregor
University of Northern British Columbia
Sarah de Leeuw
University of Northern British Columbia
Donna Atkinson
University of Northern British Columbia
Deborah Keahey
Independent Scholar
Ryung Suh
Georgetown University
Hilda R. Heady
Atlas Research
Souad Osseiran
Koç University
Theory and Methods
Jennifer Mullett
Vancouver Island University
Sarah Fletcher
Vancouver Island University
Ina Voelcker
International Longevity Center, Brazil
Louise Plouffe
World Health Organization
Alexandre Kalache
International Longevity Centre Brazil
Trevor R. Shilton
Active Living National Heart Foundation
Mariko Carey
The University of Newcastle
Robert Sanson-Fisher
The University of Newcastle
Ladona Tornabene
University of Minnesota Duluth
Jill Sonke
University of Florida
Maria Isabel Loureiro
Portuguese National School of Public Health
Teresa Maia
Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Laura Bouwman
Wageningen University
Christopher Mayes
Pennsylvania State University
Ian Kerridge
The University of Sydney
Christy G. Woolcott
Dalhousie University
Linda Dodds
Dalhousie University
Mark B. Johnson
Institute for Science in Medicine
Ann C. Macaulay
McGill University
Erin Sirett
McGill University
Joshua Hamzeh
McGill University
Paula L. Bush
Consultant
Diane T. Finegood
Simon Fraser University
Lee M. Johnston
Simon Fraser University
Philippe Giabbanelli
Simon Fraser University
Penny Deck
Simon Fraser University
Sarah Frood
Simon Fraser University
Lina Burgos-Liz
University of Calgary
Marla Steinberg
The University of British Columbia
Allan Best
The University of British Columbia
Juliet McMullin
University of California, Riverside
Shraon Rushing
Lawrence W. Green
University of California, San Francisco
Alyssa Hayes
University of Saskatchewan
Carlos Quiñonez
University of Toronto
David Ross Buchanan
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Candace I.J. Nykiforuk
University of Alberta
L. Fleming Fallon
Bowling Green State University
Elizabeth Harris
The University of New South Wales
Jane Lloyd
The University of New South Wales
Anupam Dhasmana
Amity University
Sumbul Firdaus
Integral University
Mohtashim Lohani
Integral University
Mohammed Yahya Areeshi
University of Rostock
Peter Langer
Integral University
Qamar Rahman
Amity University
Chris Lovato
The University of British Columbia
Jane Springett
University of Alberta
Jeffrey K. Belkora
University of California at San Francisco
Evelyn Alvarez
California State University, Los Angeles
Yazmin Amado Vu
San Diego State University
William M. London
Center for Inquiry's Quackwatch
Linda Young Landesman
University of Massachusetts Amherst
W. David Dotson
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Muin J. Khoury
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Christine Paul
The University of Newcastle
Robert Sanson-Fisher
The University of Newcastle
Mariko Carey
The University of Newcastle
Dennis M. Gorman
Texas A&M Health Science Center
David L. Streiner
McMaster University
Amber D. Elkins
Texas A&M University
Dennis M. Gorman
Texas A&M Health Science Center
Jon Adams
University of Technology Sydney
Jane Frawley
University of Technology Sydney
Violence and Injury Prevention
Rebecca L. Sanders
University of California, Berkeley
Jill F. Cooper
University of California, Berkeley
David A. Sleet
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
David Viano
Wayne State University
Ann Dellinger
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ronald W. Maris
University of South Carolina
Carmen P. Mclean
University of Pennsylvania
Edna B. Foa
University of Pennsylvania
David A. Sleet
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Andrés Villaveces
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Neil Arya
University of Waterloo
Matthew R. Anderson
Yeshiva University
Victor W. Sidel
Yeshiva University
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